The side-chain has a significant effect on the optical properties and aggregation behaviors of the organic small molecule acceptors, which becomes an important strategy to optimize the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, we designed and synthesized three novel nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) OC4-4Cl-Ph, OC4-4Cl-Th and OC4-4Cl-C8 with hexylbenzene, hexylthiophene and octyl side chains on the π-bridge units. Compared with OC4-4Cl-Ph and OC4-4Cl-Th, OC4-4Cl-C8 with linear alkyl side chain has more red-shift absorption, which is conducive to obtaining higher short-circuit current density. Additionally, the OC4-4Cl-C8 film exhibits a longer exciton diffusion distance and the D18:OC4-4Cl-C8 blend film displays faster hole transfer, weaker bimolecular recombination, and more efficient exciton transport. Furthermore, the D18:OC4-4Cl-C8 blend films can form good nano fibril-like interpenetrating networks, which can facilitate exciton dissociation and charge transport. Finally, OC4-4Cl-C8 based devices can generate an excellent PCE of 16.56%, which is much higher than OC4-4Cl-Ph (12.29%) and OC4-4Cl-Th based (11.00%) ones, being the highest PCE among the NFREA based binary devices. All in all, we have demonstrated that side-chain engineering is an efficient way to achieve high-performance NFREAs.

Our personalities have a big impact on our daily life. It affects how we think, feel, act, and express ourselves and how our mental health is affected. The work will make use of the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Dataset from Kaggle (MBTI). The Myers-Briggs 16 personalities, also known as personality types, are a subset of the MBTI. The four factors—introversion versus extraversion; sensing versus intuition; thinking versus feeling; and judging versus perceiving—are used to classify human personality. The 16 personality types of the MBTI are formed from these four fundamental dimensions. In our work, we apply different machine learning algorithm on the MBTI dataset and do a comparative study with our proposed model based on CNN+BiLSTM along with CPSO optimizer on MBTI dataset. CPSO optimizer is based on the social behaviour of the animals. Based on the idea of animal swarm intelligence displayed in flocks and shoals, this method sought to optimize nonlinear continuous functions. In juxtaposed with other state-of-the-art techniques, the CNN+BiLSTM with CPSO optimizer model outperformed well with 93.85% accuracy, 93% precision, 93% recall, and 89.99% F1 Score.

This study embarks on a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 442 machine learning articles published between 1989 and 2019. Leveraging keywords such as “machine learning”, “hybrid machine learning”, and “hybrid decision tree” in the Google Scholar database, we collated articles and scrutinized them based on diverse parameters, including the language of publication, year, software employed, number of pages and authors, citation count, keywords, and methodologies utilized. Our research findings spotlight a noteworthy uptick in publications post-2008, predominantly in the English language. The most commonly used machine learning method, such as SVM, KNN, and ANN, have been determined. the most popular software tools like WEKA and MATLAB, have been determined. While feature selection methods, particularly the Genetic Algorithm and Information Gain, are widely used, there exists a marked underutilization of ensemble learning techniques. Within the scope of the study, the most frequently used parameter optimization methods were also determined. This study, which includes important information such as commonly used machine learning techniques, feature selection approaches and parameter optimization strategies, can guide researchers both as a retrospective overview of the development of machine learning and as a guide to increasingly used methods such as ensemble learning.

With many practical applications print human life today such as manufacturing surveillance cameras, analyzing and processing customer behavior, …, the problem of face detection and head pose estimation on digital images is being noticed by many researchers. A large number of proposed deep learning models have state-of-the-art accuracies such as YOLO, SSD, and MTCNN, solving the problem of face detection or HopeNet, FSA-Net, and RankPmodelsodel used for head pose estimation problems. According to big many state-of-the-art methods, the process of this task consists of 2 parts face detection to head pose estimation. These two steps are completely independent and do not share information with each other. This makes the model clear print setup but does not leverage most of the featured resources extracted in each model. In this thesis, we proposed the PoseMultitask model with the motivation to leverage the features extracted from the face detection model, sharing them with the head pose estimation branch to improve accuracy. Also, with the variety of data, the Euler angle domain representing the face is large, our model can predict results in the 360° Euler angle domain. Applying the multi-tasking learning method, the PoseMultitask model can simultaneously predict the position and direction of the human head. To increase the ability to predict the head direction of the model, we change the representation of the human face from the rom Euler angle to vectors from the Rotation matrix.

RECALCITRANT MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS KERATITIS WITH SUBSEQUENT TRIPLE PROCEDUREAuthors: Ēriks Elksnis1,2,4, Eva Elksne1,3, Olita Lūse1,2, Juris Vanags1,4, Guna Laganovska1,4Affiliations:Riga Stradins University, Riga, LatviaLatvian American Eye CenterChildren’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, LatviaPauls Stradins Clinical University HospitalCorrespondence to: Ēriks Elksnis. ORCID 0000-0002-7899-8224Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema street 16, Riga, Latvia. LV1007.Data availability statement : We hereby transfer, assign, or otherwise convey all copyright ownership, including any and all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to the journal, in the event that such work is published by the journalConflict of interest disclosure : Authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.Ethics approval statement : All procedures performed involving this case were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report in accordance with the journal’s patient consent policy.KEY CLINICAL MESSAGERecalcitrant Pseudomona aeruginosa keratitis is a challenging case in ophthalmology and can lead to irreversible blindness if not treated properly and in time.KEYWORDS: Pseudomona aeruginosa, recalcitrant keratitis, penetrating keratoplasty.INTRODUCTIONCorneal opacity is the 5th leading cause of blindness and visual impairment, affecting approximately 6 million people worldwide; additionally, it is responsible for 1.5–2.0 million new cases of monocular blindness per year. Among all etiologies (such as infection, trauma, and inflammation), infectious keratitis (IK) is the main cause of corneal blindness, with an estimated incidence ranging from 2.5–799 per 100,000 population years (Ting et al. 2021).Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa ) is a gram-negative aerobic pathogen that can cause a wide range of infections and is one of the main causative pathogens of bacterial keratitis, especially in contact lens-associated keratitis, potentially leading to sight-threatening complications if not appropriately treated (Hilliam, Kaye & Winstanley 2020).A particular characteristic of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas keratitis is its rapid progression, in which corneal destruction can be completed within 24–48 hours in some of the more virulent bacterial strains (Reynolds & Kollef 2021). Therefore, P. aeruginosa -caused keratitis is often associated with a high-cost long treatment period and poor visual outcomes (Hilliam, Kaye & Winstanley 2020).CASE PRESENTATIONA 60-year-old female presented to a tertiary medical center in May 2021 with progressive vision loss, purulent discharge, photophobia, foreign body sensation, and pain in the left eye (LE).Three weeks prior, the patient developed a foreign body sensation in her LE due to contact lenses remaining unremoved for one night. She had visited her local ophthalmologist and been prescribed topical tobramycin/dexamethasone 3 mg/mL four times daily, cyclopentolate 10 mg/mL twice daily, and dexpenthenolum once daily before bedtime. There was clinical improvement during the first 5 days of therapy; however, severe clinical worsening followed. The patient returned to the outpatient department 8 days after the first consultation, and treatment was changed to topical chloramphenicol/dexamethasone 1 mg/2 mg/mL six times daily, cyclopentolate 10 mg/mL twice daily and oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily. Despite treatment, the symptoms worsened in the following week.On the presenting day at the tertiary medical center, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/25 in the right eye (RE) and hand-motion (HM) vision in the LE. The RE was unremarkable on initial examination, whereas slit-lamp examination of the LE revealed a massive amount of purulent discharge in the conjunctival fornixes and intense mixed conjunctival injection. A large epithelial defect in the cornea was present, associated with a ring-like stromal infiltrate 3.1 mm in height, which was “soupy” in appearance owing to stromal necrosis. A hypopyon 3.2 mm in height was observed (Figure 1A). Both the lids were swollen and erythematous. As the posterior segment could not be visualized, B-scan ultrasonography of the LE was performed and confirmed a flat retina with no vitritis.Corneal scrapings and cultures were obtained from LE. Cultures were acquired using a sterile cotton-tipped swab and placed in transport medium. The scrapings were placed on a glass slide and, together with the culture, forwarded to a microbiology laboratory.Topical chloramphenicol/dexamethasone was discontinued, and levofloxacin 5 mg/mL eyedrops were initially administered every hour. Additionally, cyclopentolate 10 mg/mL was administered twice daily to control pain and prevent synechia, artificial tear drops were administered to aid wound healing, and oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily was administered to prevent keratolysis.After 12 hours, the condition worsened; discharge remained in the same amount, however, the hypopyon increased to 5.4 mm in height, with an infiltration spread 360 °around the limbus and significant corneal edema (Figure 1B).Levofloxacin was switched to moxifloxacin 5 mg/mL eye drops every hour. As a result, the amount of purulent discharge reduced, yet the central corneal infiltrate and ulcer remained unchanged, with remarkable stromal necrosis and corneal thinning in the nasal limbs (Figure 1C).On the fourth day from admission, multidrug resistantP.aeruginosa  was isolated from the culture. (Table 1). Based on these results, and after consultation with an infectologist, moxifloxacin was changed to fortified piperacillin 1.5 mg/mL/tazobactam 12 mg/mL eye drops every hour.

A Submandibular Stone of 3 cm Length Obscuring Duct: A Case ReportA Sanjel1, R Subedi1, S Rauniyar1, I Silwal2, P Bidari21. Department of Otolaryngology, 2. Department of AnesthesiaHetauda Hospital, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health SciencesDr. Anup Sanjel, MBBS, MS ENT, Hetauda Hospital, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences (corresponding author).Dr. Rupak Subedi, MBBS, Hetauda Hospital, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences.Dr. Somee Rauniyar, MBBS, Hetauda Hospital, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences.Dr. Prashant Bidari, MBBS, MD Anesthesia, Hetauda Hospital, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences.Dr. Ishwor Kumar Silwal, MBBS, MD Anesthesia, Hetauda Hospital, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences.

In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Salter et al. (2023) discovered that the Cuban Northern Bobwhite subspecies, Colinus virginianus cubanensis (Gould, 1850), is an ancient hybrid population formed due to historical hybridization between lineages from divergent spatiotemporal origins. Slater et al. sequenced genomes extracted from contemporary samples of Northern Bobwhites, as well as historical museum specimens with the oldest specimens dated in 1859. With this data, they reconstructed the evolutionary origin and history of C.v. cubanensis by combining historical literature with demographic modeling. The demographic model revealed the hybrid origin of the C.v. cubanensis from hybridization between divergent lineages. The Bobwhite first arrived in Cuba between the 12th and 16th centuries from Southern Mexico. Then the secondary gene flow from the Southeastern USA occurred between the 18th and 20th centuries (Figure 1). C.v. cubanensis are hybrids with mixed ancestries while possessing unique genetic variants, which confirm the subspecies status. Hybridization can be a creative process generating and maintaining genetic diversity over space and time.

Cold-adapted species endangered by global change are crucial cases for understanding range dynamics and its interface with conservation. In view of climate change and their sensitivity, Alpine insects should modify their distribution by reducing ranges, while being unable of sufficient displacements and mostly moving uphill. To test these hypotheses, we targeted four threatened, high-altitude bumblebees differing in subgenera and elevation ranges, and covering the main central and south European mountains. We performed species distribution models including climate and habitat, and we described elevation uphill and the year of change with broken-line regressions. Results indicate that climate change will cause severe future range contractions across large areas, more in the Apennines (80% - 85% ca) than the Alps and Pyrenees (24 - 56% ca), with mostly concentric retreats as future extents will nearly entirely be included in the present ones. Remarkably, since the ‘80s elevation uplift has started by about 325 - 535 m, a period coinciding with the beginning of the main warming, and will continue. The size and distribution of climate refugia will challenge conservation: they will be small and context specific (2-60% of current areas), but while in the Apennines and Pyrenees they will be nearly entirely within Protected Areas, only a third will be so for the Alps. Such impressive distribution changes demonstrates that cold-adapted bumblebees can accurately track climate change and be precise sentinels of it, and these results link with the investigated species being specialists with specific habitat requirements of temperature and glacier presence. Overall, the distribution of cold specialist bumblebees driven by climate change demonstrates that conservation should act upon the dynamic realities of species ranges because their range reduction, the impossibility of finding new areas and the movement uphill emerge as consistent patterns.

The effect of climate change on the ecological niche of species represents one of the main threats in maintaining processes and functions in mountain ecosystems. However, these links have rarely been assessed due to the lack of application of ecological niche models at the species assemblage level. Therefore, in this study we integrated species ecological niche modeling techniques to predict assemblage changes in tropical montane systems. We estimate species richness and functional diversity for 2040 and 2060, based on the modeled niche of 39 native tree-shrub-herbaceous species of the montane of Mexico, using a model selection protocol for Maxent and Minimal Volume Ellipsoid (MVE) models in which we selected models based on the statistical significance of the partial ROC test, low omission rates, values of the area under the curve, and the Akaike Information Criterion. We project functional diversity, considering nine functional traits related to primary productivity, rate of decomposition, and natural regeneration. Our results show a high loss rate of species richness and functional diversity at low elevations (1500-2800 m a.s.l.). At high altitudes (2800-3500 m a.s.l.), we find a greater richness of species, without increases in functional diversity. We find that tree species are more likely to maintain their current geographic distribution ranges, while herbaceous species show a large loss of species richness at low and mid-elevations. Therefore, we provide evidence that the effects of climate change will promote imbalances in species assemblage and probably cause a loss of processes and functions, such as soil decomposition and soil organic matter, mainly in low-elevation areas.

Plant pathogens are important for ecosystem functioning and community assembly and respond to a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, which change along elevation gradients. Thus elevational gradients are a valuable model system for exploring how plant community, soil properties, and environmental factors influence pathogens. Yet, how these factors influence pathogens in nature remains poorly understood. We tested patterns and potential mechanisms of plant fungal pathogens along elevational gradients by combining a field survey in the Tibetan Plateau with a global meta-analysis. We found that increasing elevation was associated with a decrease in soil fungal pathogen richness but not foliar fungal disease symptoms. Elevation mainly related to soil fungal pathogen richness through abiotic factors. Whereas no evidence supported association between elevation and foliar fungal disease. The meta-analysis suggests some generality in the results of the field survey: elevation was associated with a decrease in soil fungal pathogen richness, but had no consistent relationship with foliar fungal disease or pathogens. Our study reveals distinct patterns of above- and belowground plant pathogen along elevation gradients and provides new insight into the potential mechanisms in shaping these patterns.

A document by Narendra Pandit. Click on the document to view its contents.

The lossless video coding framework based on HEVC is consisted of prediction and entropy coding, which directly determine the lossless coding efficiency. The initial residuals with large absolute values are directly coded by the lossy coefficient coding techniques in HEVC, which may compromise the lossless coding efficiency. In this paper, an optimized scheme based on transformation and quantization techniques for the HEVC Intra lossless coding is proposed as an additional mode. In the proposed scheme, an initial residual block is divided into two parts: the coefficient block and the second residual block. The coefficient block is derived by the lossy transformation and quantization technics in HEVC. The second residual block is made up with residuals of small absolute values. Both the coefficient block and the second residual block can be efficiently coded by the existing coefficient coding scheme in HEVC. Rate-distortion optimization is employed to choose between the proposed scheme and the transform bypass scheme to achieve the best coding performance for each block. The proposed scheme is implemented into the HM 12.1 software. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves 3.36 percent bit-rate saving on average and up to 12.29 percent compared with the HEVC lossless coding under the Intra main configuration.

To save the communication bandwidth and the missile-borne computing resources, a distributed cooperative guidance law based on the event-triggered mechanism is proposed, which enables the missiles with large differences in spatial location and velocity to achieve simultaneous attacks with only a few dozen information exchanges. The guidance process is divided into two stages. The first stage is the cooperative guidance stage, where missiles achieve consensus of the time-to-go estimates through information exchange. In this stage, each missile is designed with an event-triggered function based on its own state error, and the missile only updates and transmits its information in the communication network when the error meets the set threshold, effectively reducing the occupancy rate of missile-borne resources during the cooperation process. The second stage is the independent guidance stage, where missiles can hit the target simultaneously while keeping the communication network silent. This is achieved by ensuring that the time-to-go estimates of missiles can represent the real time-to-go after achieving consensus. By the design of the two-stage guidance law and the replacement of the event-triggered function, the cooperative guidance system can be ensured to remain stable in scenarios where the leader missile is present and destroyed, and exclude Zeno behavior. The stability of the cooperative guidance law is rigorously proved by algebraic graph theory, matrix theory, and the Lyapunov method. Finally, The numerical simulation results demonstrate the validity of the algorithm and the correctness of the stability analysis.

The purpose of this study is to introduce a generalized Wardowski type quasi-contraction known as α-( ϕ,Ω) in the setting of b-metric space. Firstly, we present typical fixed point results using our new contraction and then we demonstrate the existence of generalized Wardowski type quasi-contraction, supporting the veracity of our findings. Specifically, we illustrate the application of our results through examples. Moreover, we provide a comparison of our result with Nadler’s work to show the efficiency of our main result. The problem related to optimization is solved with the help of this method.

A document by Bryce Buddle. Click on the document to view its contents.

After the vaccine implementation for COVID-19, the WHO set a unified vaccination approach to be adopted by all different countries. However, given the various constraints including vaccine availability, heterogeneous age distributions, and differing control measures across countries, questions arise about the optimality of the WHO strategy. In this study, we develop an age-structured SEIR epidemic model with vaccinated and unvaccinated compartments to optimize age-targeted vaccination strategies for COVID-19, incorporating realistic constraints. The model equilibria and the basic reproduction number $R_0$ are checked. Moreover, mathematical formulation and analysis of optimal control problem, are conducted. The model is calibrated to COVID-19 data and simulated to solve the optimal control problem under various vaccination and distancing scenarios. Results demonstrate that the optimal strategy strongly depends on the population age distribution and contact patterns.  Findings emphasize the significance of age-specific disease transmission in designing vaccination priorities, particularly when vaccine supplies are constrained. The model provides a quantitative framework to inform optimal allocation strategies in a general way that allows to adapt the model for other infectious diseases exhibiting similar features to Covid-19.

This study is aim to determine the direct costs of hospitalisation for stroke inpatients in Pudong New Area, by analysing the composition and trends, and identifying influencing factors, to inform the development and implementation of relevant policies and strategies. This study included hospitalized stroke patients and obtained 1,3061 valid samples. We used a self-designed questionnaire to collect direct cost data for stroke patients from the Regional Health Information Platform of Pudong New Area. We collected information on 28 variables, including admission route, stroke subtype, and costs for hospitalization, consultations, and treatments. The data came from medical institutions in Pudong New Area from 2016 to 2020. The study subjects had an average age of 71.69 ± 13.11 years, with 56.8% being men and 43.2% being women. Among them, 15.5% had haemorrhagic strokes, 84.3% had ischemic strokes, and 0.2% had undifferentiated strokes. The highest costs were attributed to oxygen therapy, medication, and examinations. The results of the study also describe trends in the movement of various types of costs. In Pudong New Area, Shanghai, hospitalized stroke patients, particularly older men after an ischemic stroke, have higher likelihood. The main cost factors include oxygen therapy, examinations, and medications. It is crucial to pay attention to the trends in the costs of oxygen therapy, nursing, and medications. Age, length of stay, and stroke subtype have an impact on the total hospitalization costs, emphasizing the importance of the pre-treatment and recovery periods for cost reduction efforts.

To the Editor,Non‐specific Lipid transfer protein syndrome ( nsLTPs) : case series from the west of IrelandZainab Almossalli1, Hajer Mohamed1, Lynette Frain 1, Cariosa Lee-Brennan1University Hospital Galway1

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria is a serious disease that is fast becoming deadly. In Nigeria, the burden and mortality of the disease are high, making it one of the infectious diseases with a significant public health challenge. Aim This paper is aimed at examining the prevalence of TB in Nigeria, with emphasis on one of its strains, namely XDR-TB, and factors promoting the disease and its strains, among others. Methodology A literature search was done about Tuberculosis in Nigeria using the keywords; ‘Drug Resistance; Factors; Infection Rate; Mortality Rate; Nigeria; XDR-TB’ through databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar and World Health Organization between a 10-year-period. Result We found that Nigeria is among the 10 countries in the world with very high tuberculosis incidence and mortality. A number of factors aid the prevalence of the disease in Nigeria: poverty, malnutrition, overpopulation and overcrowding, ignorance, stigma and discrimination, etc. When it comes to the diagnosis of tuberculosis, Nigeria encounters a lot of challenges. For instance, the country lacks access to quality diagnostic facilities, the healthcare system is ill-equipped, and a good number of the populace lacks the necessary awareness about the dangerous nature of the disease. Conclusion The Nigerian government, health workers, key stakeholders, and communities, both affected and non-affected, should all come together to fight off Tuberculosis and its spread in Nigeria. In order to be successful, the eradication effort against TB in Nigeria has to permanently eliminate the causative agent and risk factors everywhere in the country as pathogen prevalence is globally reduced to zero, hence removing the risk of re-infection.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is a major threat to human health, has undergone many mutations during the replication process due to errors in the replication steps and modifications in the structure of viral proteins. The XBB variant was identified for the first time in Singapore in the fall of 2022. It was then detected in other countries, including the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. We study the impact of sequence changes on Spike protein structure on the subvariants of XBB with particular attention to the velocity of variant diffusion and virus activity w.r.t. its diffusion. We examine the structural and functional distinctions of the variants in 3 different conformations: (i) Spike glycoprotein in complex with ACE2 (1-up state), (ii) Spike glycoprotein (closed-1 state) and (iii) S protein (open-1 state). We also estimate the transmissibility of the affinity binding between Spike proteins and ACE2. The market binding affinity observed in specific variants raises questions about the efficacy of current vaccines in controlling the spread of these variants. This work may be useful in devising strategies to manage the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. To stay ahead of the virus evolution, further research and surveillance should be carried out to adjust public health measures accordingly.

Metabolomics has been increasingly utilized in studying host response to infections and under-standing the progression of multi-system disorders such as COVID-19. The analysis of metabo-lites in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection provides a snapshot of the endogenous host metabo-lism and its role in shaping the interaction with SARS-CoV-2. The current study investigated the metabolic signatures of mortality and severity in COVID-19 patients using a targeted metabo-lomics approach. Blood plasma concentrations were quantified through LC-MS using MxP Quant 500 kit. We utilized Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to investigate the correlation between various metabolic markers and patient outcomes. A comparison of survival rates between individuals with high levels of various metabolites and those with low levels showed statistically significant differences in survival outcomes. We further used four metabolic markers to develop a COVID-19 mortality risk model through the application of multiple machine learning methods. These metabolic predictors can be further validated as potential biomarkers to identify patients at risk of poor outcomes. Finally, integrating machine learning models in metabolome analysis of COVID-19 patients can improve our understanding of disease mortality by providing insight into the relationship between metabolites and survival probability, which can lead to the development of potential therapeutics and clinical risk models.

A dual-channel switch attenuator chip working at 9kHz to 6GHz was designed using 0.15um GaAs process. The chip consists of a straight-through channel and an attenuation channel.The straight-through channel includes a SPDT switch and two parallel PIN diodes, while the attenuation channel is composed of switch-integrated attenuation networks attenuating 40dB, 10dB, and 5dB respectively.In the design process, parallel PIN diodes were used in the straight-through channel to increase the isolation between ports. The attenuation network utilizes pHMTE, a switching transistor with a 0.15um GaAs substrate material, to control the attenuation. After simulation and optimization, the final measured results achieved the following specifications: the insertion loss of the single-pole double-throw switch in the straight-through channel was less than 0.8dB, the insertion loss after paralleling the two PIN diodes was less than 2.7dB, the insertion loss of the attenuation channel in the reference state was less than 0.7dB, the isolation was greater than 30dB, and the attenuation accuracy was lower than ±5 percent. Considering the installation space, the chip packaging dimensions were prioritized to be 10mm x 10mm in length and width, with an adjustable thickness range of 1.6mm to 3mm. The final determined chip package size is 10mm x 10mm x 2mm.

Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CPABE) emerged as a trusted solution to enforce access control in an untrusted cloud environment. CPABE allows data owners to implement one-to-many encryptions by defining an access policy. The data user’s secret key must comply with the access policy’s requirements before the key can successfully decrypt the ciphertext. However, efficient revocation of access rights in CPABE schemes has multiple challenges, particularly for lightweight devices. Thus, extensive research to enforce and govern access control is absolute need. The present study reviews the bilinear pairing cryptography-based revocable CPABE schemes. The methodologies used in the existing CPABE schemes to revoke users at the system and attribute levels have been focused on in the current study. The module proposed in Proxy-based and Collusion-Resistant Multi-Authority Revocable CPABE (PCMR-CPABE) efficiently addresses the revocation issue. The present paper extends the study on PCMR-CPABE and presents a performance analysis of the module. The presented analysis has compared the computational cost of the existing cutting-edge schemes with the PCMR-CPABE module. The study has proved that the proposed module is computationally inexpensive.

Nanofiller-doped polymer electrolyte-based electrochemical devices are now emerged as a novel material for electrochemical devices. This paper reports a solid polymer electrolyte film doped with a new nanofiller synthesized by the solution casting technique. Electrical, Optical, and photoelectrochemical characterization are presented in detail. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows with the dispersion of nanofillers conductivity increases attains maxima and decreases. The maximum conductivity was at 0.05 wt% nanofiller concentration of 3.25 x 10 -5 S/cm. The calculated ionic transference value was 0.92 which shows the domency of the system as ionic. The linear sweep voltammetry confirms a high electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 4.01V. Sandwitched electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLC) has been developed using carbon-based electrodes and sandwitched nanofiller dispersed polymer electrolyte, showing a high specific capacitance value of ~ 200 F/g.